As dengue cases continue to rise in many tropical countries, health experts are raising concerns about one group that faces a significantly higher risk of developing severe complications: individuals with comorbidities. Referring to the institution’s statement https://pafikutaikab.org/registrasi While dengue fever can affect anyone bitten by an infected mosquito, doctors emphasize that people with underlying health conditions are far more vulnerable to hospitalization, organ failure, and even death.
Comorbidities refer to chronic diseases or medical conditions that weaken the body’s ability to respond to infections. According to infectious disease specialists, illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, kidney disorders, asthma, and obesity can significantly reduce the body’s resilience when fighting dengue. This weakened state makes it harder for the immune system to control viral replication, increasing the likelihood of severe dengue.
One of the main reasons comorbid patients are more vulnerable is impaired immune function. For example, people with diabetes often experience slower responses to infections due to fluctuating blood sugar levels. High blood glucose weakens white blood cells, reducing their ability to fight viruses effectively. When infected with dengue, their immune system may overreact, causing dangerous complications such as plasma leakage, internal bleeding, or shock.
Hypertension and heart disease also contribute to higher risks. Doctors explain that dengue places significant strain on the circulatory system. The virus can cause fluid to leak from blood vessels, leading to a drop in blood pressure. For individuals already living with heart or blood pressure issues, this sudden change can trigger life-threatening cardiovascular complications. In these cases, close monitoring is essential to prevent rapid deterioration.
Chronic kidney disease is another major risk factor. Since dengue affects blood volume and fluid balance, patients with kidney problems struggle to regulate electrolytes and waste products during infection. Even mild dengue can worsen kidney function, potentially leading to acute kidney injury. Health experts urge individuals with kidney disorders to seek medical help immediately if they develop symptoms like fever, fatigue, or severe body aches.
Asthma and other respiratory conditions also raise the risk of severe outcomes. Dengue can cause inflammation that affects breathing, and patients with asthma may experience more intense respiratory distress. Experts note that these individuals often require early intervention to prevent complications such as fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Obesity, often overlooked as a comorbidity, significantly increases dengue severity. Excess body fat contributes to chronic inflammation, making the immune system less efficient. Studies show that obese individuals are more likely to experience prolonged fever, severe abdominal pain, and persistent vomiting — symptoms associated with advanced dengue.
Age is another factor closely linked to comorbidities. Older adults naturally have weaker immune systems and are more likely to have chronic illnesses. Pediatricians also warn that children with pre-existing health conditions, such as congenital heart disease or autoimmune disorders, require extra attention when dengue symptoms appear.
Experts highlight the importance of early detection for comorbid patients. Warning signs of severe dengue include persistent vomiting, bleeding gums or nose, severe abdominal pain, restlessness, and sudden drops in platelet count. For high-risk individuals, these symptoms can escalate quickly and must be treated in a hospital setting.
Preventive measures also play a vital role. Doctors strongly recommend mosquito control, the use of repellents, regular health check-ups, and seeking medical care immediately when symptoms arise. In some countries, dengue vaccines may be recommended for certain age groups, especially those in high-risk areas.
As dengue continues to pose a major public health threat, understanding who is most at risk can help families and communities take stronger precautions. For individuals with comorbidities, awareness and early medical attention remain the most effective tools for preventing severe complications and saving lives.
Source: Persatuan Ahli Farmasi Indonesia
